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Introduction

• Last time we looked at 'the Temptation of the Son of Man'. That was not the last time he was tempted...

  At the beginning of his earthly ministry and at its end he experienced 'times' of intense temptation.

  ¶ Now when the devil had ended every temptation, he departed from Him until an opportune time. (Luke 4:13 NKJV)

  ¶ Then the devil left Him, and behold, angels came and ministered to Him. (Matthew 4:11 NKJV)

  ¶ And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed,saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.”Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground. (Luke 22:41–44 NKJV)

This study is in two halves. This first we will call "Three Prayer" and, DV, next time we will examine "Three Cups". So tonight we will trace 'three prayers' that were really just single prayer, prayed 3 times

If we followed the life of the Son of Man in earth we would discover that his life was the fulfilment of all that Israel had failed to be. He was the promised...

• The Servant

  ¶ But thou, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend,thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, and called from the corners thereof, and said unto thee, Thou art my servant, I have chosen thee and not cast thee away; (Isaiah 41:8–9 ASV)¶ Behold, my servant, whom I uphold; my chosen, in whom my soul delighteth: I have put my Spirit upon him; he will bring forth justice to the Gentiles. (Isaiah 42:1 ASV)

• The Son

  Then you shall say to Pharaoh, “Thus says the LORD: ‘Israel is My son, My firstborn. So I say to you, let My son go that he may serve Me. But if you refuse to let him go, indeed I will kill your son, your firstborn.” ’ ” (Exodus 4:22–23 NKJV)

  For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. (Isaiah 9:6 NKJV)

  “I will declare the decree: The LORD has said to Me, ‘You are My Son, Today I have begotten You. (Psalm 2:7 NKJV)

• The Witness

  “You are My witnesses,” says the LORD, “And My servant whom I have chosen, That you may know and believe Me, And understand that I am He. Before Me there was no God formed, Nor shall there be after Me. (Isaiah 43:10 NKJV)

  Indeed I have given him as a witness to the people, A leader and commander for the people. (Isaiah 55:4 NKJV)

• The Covenant

  “I, the LORD, have called You in righteousness, And will hold Your hand; I will keep You and give You as a covenant to the people, As a light to the Gentiles, (Isaiah 42:6 NKJV)

  ¶ Thus says the LORD: “In an acceptable time I have heard You, And in the day of salvation I have helped You; I will preserve You and give You As a covenant to the people, To restore the earth, To cause them to inherit the desolate heritages; (Isaiah 49:8 NKJV)

  He never spoke of the New Covenant during his earthly ministry until the upper room and the institution of a New Passover. He never spoke of it but his whole life was an expression of the essence of that Covenant. Every word and every action came from the reality of the relationship. We might, truly say, it was in his blood.

The Promise of the New Covenant

• Jeremiah

  ¶ Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: (Jeremiah 31:31 ASV)

• Jesus Christ

  ¶ Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you. (Luke 22:20 NKJV)

• Paul

  In the same manner He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.” (1Corinthians 11:25 NKJV)

  who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. (2Corinthians 3:6 NKJV)

• The author of the epistle to the Hebrews - 13 references to the new covenant

  Because finding fault with them, He says: “Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— (Hebrews 8:8 NKJV)

  ¶ In that He says, “A new covenant,” He has made the first obsolete. Now what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away. (Hebrews 8:13 NKJV)

  And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. (Hebrews 9:15 NKJV)

  to Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling that speaks better things than that of Abel. (Hebrews 12:24 NKJV)

  • a better covenant/everlasting covenant

    by so much more Jesus has become a surety of a better covenant. (Hebrews 7:22 NKJV)

    But now He has obtained a more excellent ministry, inasmuch as He is also Mediator of a better covenant, which was established on better promises. (Hebrews 8:6 NKJV)

    ¶ Now may the God of peace who brought up our Lord Jesus from the dead, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, (Hebrews 13:20 NKJV)

    During his earthly ministry he never mentioned the New Covenant until the upper room, but he lived it. His life was the revelation of the New Covenant.

    • Not just proximity/nearness but face to face fellowship.

      ¶ In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1 NKJV)

      with πρὸς τὸν θεόν,

      ¶ That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life—the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare to you that eternal life which was with the Father and was manifested to us— (1John 1:1–2 NKJV)

      with πρὸς τὸν πατέρα

The Upper Room - his final thoughts

• A New Passover - in prospect

  ¶ And He said, “Go into the city to a certain man, and say to him, “The Teacher says, ‘My time is at hand; I will keep the Passover at your house with My disciples.” ’ ” (Matthew 26:18 NKJV)

• A New Kingdom - in prospect

  ¶ Then He took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you.For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.But I say to you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.” (Matthew 26:27–29 NKJV)

  the last reference to the kingdom in Matthew

• A New Covenant - in prospect

  ¶ Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you. (Luke 22:20 NKJV)

  • in - ev (Daniel B. Wallace

    • A. Basic Uses (with Dative only)  Ἐν is the workhorse of prepositions in the NT, occurring more frequently and in more varied situations than any other. It overlaps with the simple dative uses to a great extent, but not entirely.

      The following categories are for the most part painted with broad strokes.43 1. Spatial/Sphere: in (and various other translations)  2. Temporal: in, within, when, while, during44  3. Association (often close personal relationship): with  4. Cause: because of  5. Instrumental: by, with  6. Reference/Respect: with respect to/with reference to  7. Manner: with  8. Thing Possessed: with (in the sense of which possesses)45  9. Standard (=Dative of Rule): according to the standard of  10. As an equivalent for εἰς (with verbs of motion)

    • WALLACE’S GREEK GRAMMAR BEYOND BASICS

      Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Wallace Greek) by Daniel B. Wallace Copyright © 1996 by Daniel B. Wallace Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed services, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Electronic text hypertexted and prepared by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 3.4

    This covenant is within my blood

    This covenant is because of my blood

    cf. For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul.’ (Leviticus 17:11 NKJV)

The Journey to the Garden of Gethsemane

¶ And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. ¶ Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will be made to stumble because of Me this night, for it is written: ‘I will strike the Shepherd, And the sheep will be scattered.’ (Mark 14:26–27 NKJV)

The Promise of the Spirit

• John 14:1-18:1 - where?

  • in the Upper Room?

  • on the Journey

  • in Gethsemane?

• John 14:1–4 NKJV - Looking beyond the Cross

  “Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me.In My Father’s house are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also.And where I go you know, and the way you know.” (John 14:1–4 NKJV)

  • Journey to Gethsemane

  “And now I have told you before it comes, that when it does come to pass, you may believe. I will no longer talk much with you, for the ruler of this world is coming, and he has nothing in Me. But that the world may know that I love the Father, and as the Father gave Me commandment, so I do. Arise, let us go from here. “I am the true vine, and My Father is the vinedresser.(John 14:29–15:1 NKJV)

  why such an abrupt change of topic?

  • Josephus' Description

    Above the gate of the Temple were golden vines and grape-clusters as large as a man ("Ant." xv. 11, § 3; "B. J." v. 5, § 4).

  • The Golden Vine

    

• John 14:1-17:26

  • Preparations for the Coming of the Spirit - John 14:1-30

  • The Vine and the Branches - John 15:1-17

  • Preparations for Future Trials - John 15:18-16:4

  • More Preparations for the Coming of the Spirit - John 16:5-15

  • The promises of the Resurrection - 16:16-33

  • The High Priestly Prayer - John 17

• The Garden of Gethsemane

  • John 18:1 NKJV - Arrival at the Garden of Gethsemane -

    When Jesus had spoken these words, He went out with His disciples over the Brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which He and His disciples entered. (John 18:1 NKJV)

  • Lest I forget Gethsemane

    1. ¶ Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go and pray over there.”And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and He began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed.Then He said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with Me.” (Matthew 26:36–38 NKJV)
       • Vine's ED

         1. ademoneō (ἀδημονέω, 85), “to be troubled, much distressed,” is used of the Lord’s sorrow in Gethsemane, Matt. 26:37; Mark 14:33, KJV, “to be very heavy,” RV, “to be sore troubled”; of Epaphroditus, because the saints at Philippi had received news of his sickness, Phil. 2:26, KJV, “was full of heaviness,” RV, “was sore troubled.

    2. ¶ He went a little farther, and fell on the ground, and prayed that if it were possible, the hour might pass from Him.And He said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible for You. Take this cup away from Me; nevertheless, not what I will, but what You will.” (Mark 14:35–36 NKJV)

  • The Threefold Prayer/Israel's threefold acceptance of their Covenant

    1. ¶ He went a little farther and fell on His face, and prayed, saying, “O My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as You will.” ¶ Then He came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “What! Could you not watch with Me one hour? Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” (Matthew 26:39–41 NKJV)

    2. ¶ Again, a second time, He went away and prayed, saying, “O My Father, if this cup cannot pass away from Me unless I drink it, Your will be done.” And He came and found them asleep again, for their eyes were heavy. (Matthew 26:42–43 NKJV)

    3. ¶ So He left them, went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the same words. Then He came to His disciples and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of sinners. (Matthew 26:44–45 NKJV)

    • Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. (Luke 22:43 NKJV)

      1. ¶ And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed,saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.” Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground. (Luke 22:41–44 NKJV)
         • Vine's Expository Dictionary

           1. agonia (ἀγωνία, 74), Eng., “agony,” was used among the Greeks as an alternative to agōn, “a place of assembly”; then for the contests or games which took place there, and then to denote intense emotion. It was more frequently used eventually in this last respect, to denote severe emotional strain and anguish.