Introduction

• Context, context, context

  • The Books of Moses - Pentateuch

    1. Genesis - Beginning - Introducing the parties to the Sinai Covenant

    2. Exodus - Departure - the giving of the Covenant at Sinai

    3. Leviticus - pertaining to the Levites (Priests) - the Guardians of the Covenant

    4. Numbers - a) Num 1 b) Num 26 - "40 years in the wilderness"

    5. Deuteronomy - the Covenant as a Tenancy Agreement
       • The centre of gravity of the Pentateuch is the Torah (Sefer Torah) wiki

         It can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. This is often known as the Oral Torah.[1] Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the origin of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (halakha).

       • The Sinai Covenant lasted for approx 1530 years and is the backdrop to all the events of the Old Testament/Covenant from Exodus 24 - John 19

         And Moses took half of the blood, and put it in basins; and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that Jehovah hath spoken will we do, and be obedient. And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which Jehovah hath made with you concerning all these words. (Exodus 24:6–8 ASV)

         - approx 1530 years duration -

         So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit. (John 19:30 NKJV)

       • The New Covenant commonly called the New Testament - ASV

         

  • Exodus

    The second book of Moses is known to English speakers as Exodus. This title isn't particularly informative but it probably comes from Exodus 16

    And they journeyed from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came to the Wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after they departed from the land of Egypt. (Exodus 16:1 NKJV)

    • digging deeper

      In the Greek version of the Old Testament the word departed is

      • Liddell & Scott - Intermediate

        ἐξεληλυθότων ἐξέρχομαι (ἐκ, ἔρχομαι) Verb perf act part masc plur gen to come out, go out ----- [Analytics] ἐξεληλυθότων (3x) ἐξέρχομαι (669x) [Liddell & Scott (Intermediate)] ἐξ-έρχομαι, f. -ελεύσομαι (but in Att. ἔξειμι supplies the fut., as also the impf. ἐξῄειν): aor. 2 ἐξῆλθον: Dep.:—to go or come out of, c. gen. loci, Hom., Hdt., etc.; of an actor, to come out on the stage, Ar.:—also c. acc., ἐξ. τὴν χώρην Hdt.:—absol. to go away, march off, Il.: also, to march out, go forth, ἐπί τινα Hdt.:—c. acc. cogn. to go out on an expedition, Xen.: to go through a work, Soph 2. ἐξ. εἰς ἔλεγχον to stand forth and come to the trial, Eur.: to turn out so and so, Soph. 3. c. acc. rei, to execute, Thuc. II. of Time, to come to an end, expire, Hdt., Soph. III. of prophecies, dreams, events, to be accomplished, come true, Hdt.; ὀρθὸν ἐξ. to come out right, Soph.; μὴ ἐξέλθῃ σαφής lest he turn out a true prophet, Id.

      • They appeared in glorious splendor and spoke about his departure(i) that he was about to carry out(ii) at Jerusalem. (Luke 9:31 NET)

        Grk “his exodus,”(i) which refers to Jesus’ death in Jerusalem and journey back to glory. Here is the first lesson that the disciples must learn. The wondrous rule comes only after suffering. 108 tn Or “accomplish,”(ii) “bring to completion.”

Promise

• God's self-revelations

  And he said unto him, I am Jehovah that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. (Genesis 15:7 ASV) - 1913 BC

  ...then 150 years later...

  And, behold, Jehovah stood above it, and said, I am Jehovah, the God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; (Genesis 28:13 ASV) - 1760 BC

  ...then 270 years later...

  Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am Jehovah, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments: (Exodus 6:6 ASV) - 1491 BC

  In Genesis God 'self-revealed' himself by the phrase "I am Jehovah" twice

  in Exodus/Levitivus - God 'self-revealed himself the next 40 years God 'self-revealed himself almost 70 times.

  • digging deeper

    The first 15 chapters of Exodus tell the record of the Departure from Egypt, hence the name, Exodus-Departure, but last 20 chapters are the record of how this people became Jehovah's People and God is revealed as "Jehovah, Isreal's God"

    • Search results for "I am Jehovah" in the Pentateuch - Accordance Software

      

• Exodus 6:1–5 ASV

  And Jehovah said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for by a strong hand shall he let them go, and by a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land. And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am Jehovah: and I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, as God Almighty; but by my name Jehovah I was not known to them. And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their sojournings, wherein they sojourned. And moreover I have heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant. (Exodus 6:1–5 ASV)

  • Distinct from the covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

    The earlier 'covenant' was a promise for their descendants -the seed through which the Seed would come. God had come to begin the fulfilment of that promise and covenant. The 'covenant' with the seed would be far greater than a piece of real estate.

    God's relationship with the seed was to bring them into a unique covenant. They would be fused into one nation and that nation would become, collectively, the people of God, and God would become "Jehovah, Israel's God" in an exclusive covenant that would separate that nation and its destiny from all the other nations of the earth.

• Exodus 6:6–8 ASV

  Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am Jehovah, i) and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, ii) and I will rid you out of their bondage, iii) and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments: iv) and I will take you to me for a people, v) and I will be to you a God; and ye shall know that I am Jehovah your God, who bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians. vi) And I will bring you in unto the land which I sware to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; vii) and I will give it you for a heritage: I am Jehovah. (Exodus 6:6–8 ASV)

  The Seven 'I wills' of the Sinai Covenant

  • The Seven Promises under several heads.

    • I will bring you out - i) ii)

    • I will make you mine - iii) iv) v)

    • I will bring you in into - vi)

    • I will give it to you - vii)

  • The affirmation of the coming covenant

    "I am Jehovah" is the first and last sentence in the promise.

    Signed at the start and end of the promise

• The Parallels

  The New Covenant will take the shape of the Sinai Covenant, but will move from 'shadow' to 'reality'.

Pestilence...